Decyl Oleate

Villalobos-Hernández, J. R., et al. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics, 2005, 60(1), 113-122.

A carnauba wax/decyl oleate matrix-based inorganic sunscreen carrier was constructed for encapsulation of inorganic sunscreen ingredients (barium sulfate, strontium carbonate, and titanium dioxide). It was reported that the particle size of the encapsulated substances ranged from 239-749.9 nm, encapsulation improved the inherent SPF of the investigated inorganic compounds, and wax oil matrix had the advantage of stability of the formulation according of z potential values.
Nanosuspensions containing encapsulated pigments
· Nanosuspensions were created by combining a lipid phase with an aqueous phase through high-pressure homogenization. The lipid phase consisted of carnauba wax, decyl oleate, and pigment. These components were blended by melting the wax at 90±5 °C and stirring magnetically for 30 minutes at a speed of 300 rpm. The aqueous phase was formulated by dispersing the ingredients listed in Table 1 at the same speed of 300 rpm.
· Initially, both phases underwent pre-dispersion using a high shear dispersion system set at 26,000 rpm for 5 minutes at 90±5 °C. To replace any lost water, the resulting dispersions were then homogenized at a temperature of 75±5 °C and a pressure of 300±10 bar over 30 passes, utilizing a Niro homogenizer. Finally, methylisothiazolone was incorporated as a preservative at room temperature at the conclusion of the process.

Estanqueiro, Marilene, et al. Brazilian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2014, 50, 361-369.

This study aimed to evaluate the stability of emulsion systems by varying the concentration of emulsifying agents (cetaryl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, and sodium cetearyl sulfate (LSX)), the oil phase (decyl oleate, cyclomethicone, or dimethicone), and incorporating pumice at a concentration of 5% w/w either with or without it.
The results demonstrated that the quantity of emulsifying agent significantly affected the emulsion's consistency and texture, including its firmness and adhesiveness. Formulations that contained 5% w/w LSX alongside either decyl oleate or dimethicone as the oil phase showed enhanced consistency and long-term stability, making them ideal for skin care products.
To prepare the emulsions, both the aqueous and oil phases were heated to temperatures between 60-70 °C. After reaching the same temperature, the aqueous phase was gradually added to the oil phase while stirring at 500-600 rpm. Stirring continued until the mixture cooled down. One day post-preparation, pumice at a concentration of 5% w/w was incorporated using mechanical stirring. The emulsions were then stored in plastic containers at room temperature.