Sodium Hyaluronate (Regular Molecular Weight)

Manca, MARIA LETIZIA, et al. Biomaterials 71 (2015): 100-109.

This study described the development and preclinical evaluation of hyalurosomes — polymer-immobilized lipid vesicles formed by incorporating sodium hyaluronate into phospholipid dispersions — loaded at high curcumin concentration. Compared with conventional liposomes of identical lipid and drug loading, curcumin-loaded hyalurosomes promoted faster skin deposition in vitro, protected human keratinocytes from oxidative insult, supported cell proliferation and migration, and reduced TPA-induced inflammation and tissue damage in vivo, including diminished edema, lower myeloperoxidase activity and extensive re-epithelialization.

Preparation Procedures:

• Hyalurosomes were made by dispersing sodium hyaluronate (10 or 50 mg in 10 mL water → final polymer 0.1% or 0.5% w/v) together with 100 mg curcumin, adding this dispersion to 1.8 g of soy phospholipid (P90G), hydrating overnight and applying probe sonication (5s on / 2 s off; 50 cycles; 13 µm probe amplitude). Liposomes were prepared by hydrating curcumin + P90G and sonication using the same parameters. Non-incorporated curcumin was removed by dialysis (12–14 kDa MWCO) against water.
• Cryo-TEM and SAXS revealed spherical, uni- or oligolamellar vesicles with small hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 112–220 nm, confirming successful formation of curcumin-loaded nanoscale hyalurosomes.

Yorke, Kelly, and Samiul Amin. Cosmetics 8.3 (2021): 71.

Sodium hyaluronate was investigated as a central component to provide conditioning benefits in this work. Its role was evaluated at various molecular weights (8, 90, 130, and 800 kDa) and concentrations (0.25-1 wt.%) to determine its impact on wet combing friction, rheology, and overall formula performance when combined with sustainable surfactants like acidic sophorolipid (ASL) or alkyl polyglucoside (APG). A system containing 1 wt% HA (800 kDa), 10 wt% ASL and 1 wt% NaCl delivered the best overall balance of reduced wet-combing force, desirable shear-thinning rheology and adequate surface tension/foaming.

Effects of HAs on Formulations

• HA molecular weight and concentration significantly influenced conditioning efficacy. While lower molecular weight HA (8 kDa) showed a notable effect, increasing the concentration of high molecular weight HA (800 kDa) led to a greater reduction in wet combing force. Formulations combining HA with ASL produced a larger reduction in combing force compared to those with APG.
• HA was critical for achieving the desired non-Newtonian, shear-thinning viscosity profile essential for a conditioning shampoo. Higher HA molecular weight and increased concentration directly resulted in higher viscosity and more pronounced shear-thinning behavior.
• While HA alone increased surface tension, its combination with either ASL or APG yielded systems with significantly lower surface tension, a prerequisite for effective cleansing. The inclusion of surfactants enabled suitable foam generation. Systems with APG generally exhibited better foaming ability than those with ASL. The addition of sodium chloride (1 wt.%) helped further optimize surface activity and foamability.