Sorbitan Oleate

Chong, Wai-Ting, et al. PLoS One, 2018, 13(8), e0202771.

This work adopted response surface methodology (RSM) to develop optimal tocotrienol-rich red palm oil (RPO)-based nanoemulsions that were water soluble and stable in storage as an alternative source of vitamin E for skin care and cosmetic applications.
· Nanoemulsion Preparation
The oil phase was RPO and Span 80 (sorbitan oleate), the aqueous phase was ultrapure water, glycerol and Tween 80. Citric acid (0.08 wt%) was added to the aqueous phase as a preservative. The oil phase was mixed with the aqueous phase and mixed at 6000 rpm for 10 min on high shear. This premixed mix was run through a high-pressure homogeniser.
· Formulation Optimization
The optimized RPO-based nanoemulsion formulation was made with 6.09 wt% mixed surfactant [Tween 80/Span 80 (63:37, wt)], 20 wt% glycerol as cosolvent by homogenization pressure (500 bar). The droplet size and polydispersity index response values of the optimized tocotrienol-enriched RPO-based nanoemulsion were 119.49 nm and 0.286, respectively.

Singh, Shalini, et al. Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2019, 21(2), 99-107.

This work prepared cosmetic emulsions of carrot seed oil in proportions (2%, 4% and 6% w/v) by hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Oil phase, emulsifier, and emulsion stabilizer respectively, were coconut oil, nonionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80) and xanthan gum.
· Creating Carrot Seed Oil Emulsions
The oil phase of carrot seed oil, coconut oil and Span 80 was blended with the aqueous phase of xanthan gum solution in deionized water and Tween 80 with a mechanical stirrer until homogeneous. The formulation composition of the carrot seed oil emulsion formulation is as Table 1. Make up to volume with deionized water and keep the emulsion in a sealed container.
· Optimisation of Formulation and Evaluation of Performance Emulsions.
The PDI of all the emulsion formulations ranged from 0.353 to 0.816. The highest SPF value was achieved with F3 (6% w/v carrot seed oil) (6.92). Histopathology and biochemical testing (ascorbic acid (ASC) and total protein) indicated these cosmetic emulsions to be potent enough to be considered as potential skin regenerators.